2013年10月27日 星期日

中國高鐵外交的影響 - 大陸將緊拉東協資源與經濟、台商往東協投資將加速

中國高鐵開往東南亞建設成本低三成

中國同意“泰國大米換高鐵”後,中國高鐵將加速駛入東南亞。10月12日,在中國高鐵展上,國務院總理李克強對泰國總理英拉表示,中國高鐵技術先進,安全可靠,成本具有競爭優勢,希望中泰加強鐵路合作。

中國高鐵走出國門,其核心技術、知識產權等問題受到格外關注。有鐵路系統高級工程向《每日經濟新聞》記者表示,高鐵技術涉及五大系統,目前在機車製造方面雖然有部件或配件來自國外,但並不能因此否認國產優勢,“中國高鐵的核心技術優勢已很明顯,高鐵技術的輸出正是建立高鐵國際優勢的開始”。

據新華社報導,一份研究報告顯示,國外建設高鐵每公里成本為0.5億美元,而中國祇有0.33億美元,相差三分之一。

中國高鐵海外優勢明顯

10月11日,中泰雙方在曼谷發表的《中泰關係發展遠景規劃》中稱,中方有意參與廊開至帕棲高速鐵路系統項目建設,以泰國農產品抵償部分項目費用。泰方歡迎中方意向,將適時在2013年10月11日簽署的《中泰政府關於泰國鐵路基礎設施發展與泰國農產品交換的政府間合作項目的諒解備忘錄》基礎上,與中方探討相關事宜。這一合作方式被形像地形容為“大米換高鐵”。

此外,中泰雙方還同意通過連接經過老撾和緬甸的鐵路網絡,以及聯通公路、港口和機場加強交通基礎設施互聯互通建設。

有評論指出,李克強總理親自推介中國高鐵技術,不僅將有力地促進中泰鐵路合作,而且將推動地區互聯互通建設。

上述高鐵展還顯示,中國已經與泰國合作,完成了泰國首都曼谷到旅遊城市清邁以及曼谷到泰國與老撾的邊境城市廊開共兩條高鐵的預可研成果。

中國「高鐵外交」 媲美「乒乓熊貓外交」

  短暫的泰國之行,展現了李克強的魅力和中國的實力——李克強不僅以「中泰一家親」定位中國和泰國兩個國家的關係,更以「高鐵外交」為中泰兩國拉攏「生意」。有分析認為,「小小的乒乓球」、「憨憨的大熊貓」都曾作為中國的外交手段,「如今,透過積極參與國外建設高鐵,『高鐵外交』正演變為新一波外交攻勢」。「高鐵外交」正在凸顯,甚至可以與「乒乓外交」、「熊貓外交」相媲美。

  BBC指出,李克強對泰國展開為期三天的訪問,以加強雙邊關係,並為中國的高鐵技術輸出尋找商業機會。《國際金融報》發表題為《高鐵外交:整合東盟「敲門磚」》的文章,稱看到了中國經濟在某些領域正在「換代升級」這一可喜的變化。中國工程院院士、中國中鐵隧道集團副總工程師王夢恕也認為,「以高鐵促外交,這一步走得很好。」
目前,中國高鐵總里程已經突破一萬公里,中國已有逾百座城市進入高鐵經濟時代,生產力大為提高。美國《紐約時報》近日特別撰文,稱讚高鐵「意外改變了中國」。文章說,僅僅兩年前還被說成是巨大形象工程的中國高鐵,目前已經成為一個出人意料的成功故事。還有外媒說,高鐵以始料未及的方式改變了中國。

  在中國,從北京乘高鐵半日可達54個城市,其周邊輻射的旅遊景區更是超過幾百個。早上在北京吃豆漿油條,中午在在杭州品西湖醋魚。每天數千列高鐵穿行神州大地,運送逾150萬名旅客,使鐵路旅行時間縮短一半以上。
中國高鐵「走出去」,其超高的性價比成為競爭最有力的武器。一份全球高鐵研究報告顯示,國外建設高鐵每公里成本為0.5億美元,而中國只有0.33億美元,相差三分之一。
不過,儘管造價相對低,但中國高鐵的「走出去」之路並不平坦。此前中鐵建在沙特巨虧40餘億元,而近期,由於對運營高鐵項目的盈利前景表示懷疑,中方決定退出巴西TAV高鐵項目競標。

分析
  • 中國高鐵外交的影響將加速台商往東協投資、大陸更將緊拉東協資源與經濟;
  • 台灣與東協 FTA 速度太慢,更將逼台商往東協投資,馬總統將服貿放在東協 FTA 之前是錯誤的策略,應該將服貿協定修正為服貿金融協定,讓較無爭議之服貿金融相關協定先通過,其他行業服貿協定延後;任何協定要高度彈性來因應民間及企業需求,政府應加快建立網路公民論訴網站,讓許多法案加速由有登記之合法公民論訴協調,加速台灣真正直接民主才能得民心;
  • 中國高鐵外交的影響將加強東協國家提出之投資優惠,更能吸引台商往東協跑,東協地產也將受激勵;
  • 後 ECFA 時期,除了金融業還有利益,其他行業難找到 ECFA 利益情況將持續發生,服貿協定就發生金融業有利益其他行業難為之窘境,ECFA後台商外移嚴重,回台投資的台商也不如台商遷移至其他新興國家,台灣GDP超過 54%都是靠內需、金融及房產,可以預見兩黨政策須改變台灣才持續成長,政府舊的龐大浪費體系將讓台灣滅亡,政府是否腐敗及有效率的數字要以『政府經常性花費/政府歲出』、『政府經常性花費/上市公司總營收』來衡量,依馬政府歲出看這兩項指標都創歷任總統新高,可確認馬總統是無效率及腐敗的,須改變成小政府,政府才有足夠財力鼓勵、拉住廠商,該學學大陸如何拉住台商之策略,否則,未來台灣 GDP 成長率難超過 3.3%,馬總統也將創下歷任總統平均經濟成長率表現最差一位,若考慮未來幾年東協持續成長台灣持續持緩,馬總統任內平均經濟成長率也將是亞洲後幾名,而且2014後再也找不到任何理由搪塞了,2014 年 68%東協國家經濟成長率都將超過台灣,連菲律賓、越南經濟成長率都將超過台灣;
  • 希望要台灣人民記取15年來選這四任總統所患下嚴重錯誤:1. 沒有用政府支出來評估總統的能力、2. 沒有嚴格的檢驗總統候選人之誠實、3. 沒有嚴格的檢驗總統一生財富及成就是否大都靠自已誠實努力得來;而且,勿再選好做秀的總統候選人,自已想想你是否喜歡雇用『好做秀的幹部』嗎?通常『好做秀的幹部』易虛假。
  • 台灣開放要有競爭力之條件:政府要有足夠財力鼓勵、拉住廠商、吸引外資投資,台灣工資已經比週遭許多國家低,員工效率也高,真正阻礙勞工就業機會反而是政府競爭力。
  • 我親自經歷的例子:大陸各省各市可以為一台商投資5000萬能創造300個工作機會親臨拜訪討論投資及相關優惠,而台灣一個外商要投資卻要等政府相關單位,還要外商做一堆報告,這政府效率之低落令人驚訝! 養公務員目的就是要能振興經濟、創造企業投資及就業率,不是養一推人事債啊,不及格公務員及政府單位該刪了,要學李明博直接讓 65% 政府單位民營化,讓各單位自已推民眾需要的服務,民眾需要自然願意付費,服務民眾不需要自然淘汰人員,這樣的政府才有效率不會腐敗;

中國高鐵外交將打開中國強盛一頁,拉住資源,若進一步近民主方式,國家將再度大成長

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2013年10月21日 星期一

Google 營收獲利強勁超過預期 - 由 Google 關鍵字搜尋看出什麼事 ( Google’s strong Q3 2013: $14.9B in revenue and higher earnings than expected )

Google獲利依然強勁 正式納入Motorola營收

Google revenue source 2013
Google稍早公布2013年第三季財報,顯示獲利將達美金148.9億元,依然維持強勁市場獲利,並且也在此次財報中正式加入Motorola Mobility營收計算。除了網路服務等產品持續獲利,Google也說明未來將持續致力發展簡單、美好的科技體驗發展。

根據Google稍早公布2013年第三季財報,顯示整體獲利達美金148.9億元,比上一季141.1億元成長,同時也比2012年同期成長12%,營收部分則是美金34.4億元,淨利則是美金29.7億元。

主要獲利部分依然源自於Google旗下網路服務產品,其中Google Sites獲利為美金93.9億元,網路服務部分則是美金31.5億元,而其餘獲利部分則是美金12.3億元。另外,Google從美國境外取得獲利為美金76.7億元,佔比約為56%。

而在其他花費部分,包含技術研發、公司收購,以及包含資料中心投資等,約為美金34.4億元,約佔營收23%。與去年同期則為美金31.9億元,約佔營收24%比例。

現行Google全職員工數量總計為 46421人,其中Motorola Mobility佔 4259人 (今年9月底之前),而上一季 (今年6月底)全職員工總計為44777人,而Motorola Mobility則佔4599人。

針對未來發展方向,Google執行長Larry Page表示將持續致力簡單、美好的科技體驗,例如無人駕駛車、Google Fiber、Project Loon氣球計畫,或是近期發展的穿戴式裝置等。


Google’s strong Q3 2013: $14.9B in revenue and higher earnings than expected

Google revenues are up, slightly, from last quarter, and up about $1.5 billion from last year’s Q3 as the search engine, mobile juggernaut, and social network reported its third-quarter earnings today.

The company reported $14.9 billion in income — higher than analysts predicted — with earnings per share of $10.74, also higher than the expected $10.36. That translates to profit of $2.97 billion, up from $2.18 billion in Q3 2012. In addition, net cash flow from operations jumped to $5.08 billion from $4 billion a year ago.
Google now has cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities totaling $56.52 billion.

“Google had another strong quarter with $14.9 billion in revenue and great product progress,” said Google CEO Larry Page. “We are closing in on our goal of a beautiful, simple, and intuitive experience regardless of your device.”

Last quarter Google earned $14 billion, with almost all of it — $13.1 billion — coming from ad revenue. That was 19 percent growth, year-over-year, and added $4 billion in profit to Google’s overflowing coffers. This quarter’s growth was only 12 percent, but still strong.

Some highlights from this quarter:

  • paid clicks increased approximately 26 percent
  • cost-per-click dipped approximately 8 percent
  • traffic acquisition costs jumped $200 million, but dipped as a percentage of income
  • Motorola contributed  $1.18 billion, or eight percent of Google’s revenue

International income continued its ongoing growth for Google, with its international share of revenue topping 56 percent, up from 55 percent last quarter, and also up from 53 percent in the year-ago equivalent quarter.

The company says it will continue to invest in three major areas: ads ( search and display advertising ), high-growth businesses ( YouTube, Android, and Chrome ), and new businesses ( social, commerce, and enterprise ).

分析
Phablet - 一個的混合智能手機及平板電腦的裝置。這些設備中,通常從5英寸到7英寸不等,結合的智能手機的通信功能與片劑的處理功率。由三星銀河注意在發射過程中,Phablet命名,可能是在移動通信行業經常使用的一個詞。 Phablet – a hybrid smartphone cum tablet could definitely be it. These devices, usually varying from 5 inches to 7 inches, combine the communication capabilities of smartphones with the processing power of tablets. Named by Samsung during the launch of Galaxy Note, Phablet may be a word frequently used in the mobile industry.

顯示器的公司,如索尼,華為在2013年的CES強調,Phablet的可能只是2013年的設備。根據 phablets 可能會迎來我們的下一代技術。華為的6.1英寸屏蔽登高的配對設備,這是令人印象深刻的薄,有勝於任何智能手機的屏幕在比賽中。同樣的,索尼的XperiaŽ,一個5英寸的顯示屏,值得注意的是在市場上令人印象深刻的防水。The displays by companies like Sony, Huawei at the CES 2013 have highlighted that Phablet may just be the device of the year 2013. As per the predictions at CES 2013, phablets along with wearable electronics may usher us into the next generation of technology. Huawei’s 6.1 inch screened Ascend Mate device, which is impressively thin, has a screen which outruns any smartphone in the race. Similarly, Sony Xperia Z, with a 5-inch display, is notable in the marketplace for being impressively waterproof.
預測,在2013年國際消費電子展,以及可穿戴式電子


網際趨勢相關股票


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2013年10月20日 星期日

無線通訊技術將持續成長 - 無線傳輸速度紀錄創下 100Gps ( wireless communication breakthrough to 100Gps speed )

德國科學家創下100Gbps的無線傳輸速度紀錄

這項由Ingmar Kallfass教授指導的Millilink計畫結合了光子與電子技術,在237.5GHz的頻率下,於實驗室中以20米的距離進行每秒100Gb的資料傳輸。

德國理工大學Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)的一群科學家在本周宣稱創下了以每秒100Gb的速度進行無線傳輸的新紀錄,該研究結果已刊登在最新一期的Nature Photonics雜誌中。

這項由該校教授Ingmar Kallfass指導的Millilink計畫是在237.5GHz的頻率下,於實驗室中以20米的距離進行每秒100Gb的資料傳輸,這群科學家結合了光子與電子技術,所使用的訊號發射器是以光子來產生無線電訊號,並透過基於電子集成電路的接收器來接受訊號。

Kallfass表示,該計畫重點在於把寬頻無線電的中繼鏈結整合到光纖系統中,特別是對偏遠地區而言,此一技術將成為一個可便宜及彈性連結光纖網路的解決方案,這些地區的網路部署通常都受限於經濟考量。

另一名專研光子的教授Jurg Leuthold則說明,讓光纖系統的資料串能夠直接轉成高頻的無線電訊號為光子的主要優勢,該優勢讓無線電中繼鏈結整合到光纖系統變得容易也更有彈性。

擴充有線通訊網路不論是在城市或鄉村通常都需要高額的投資,從策略性節點的角度來看,讓寬頻資料透過無線電中繼鏈結將可協助網路跨越河流、公路或原始保護區,以讓網路的拓展在經濟上更為可行。

此外,Kallfass也認為該技術可應用在家中網路,當具備100Gbs的傳輸能力時,家中的兩台裝置將可透過無線電在2秒內傳輸1張藍光光碟或5張DVD光碟的內容。


    In communications, the frequency range 0.1–30 THz is essentially terra incognita. Recently, research has focused on this terahertz gap, because the high carrier frequencies promise unprecedented channel capacities1. Indeed, data rates of 100 Gbit s−1 were predicted2 for 2015. Here, we present, for the first time, a single-input and single-output wireless communication system at 237.5 GHz for transmitting data over 20 m at a data rate of 100 Gbit s−1. This breakthrough results from combining terahertz photonics and electronics, whereby a narrow-band terahertz carrier is photonically generated by mixing comb lines of a mode-locked laser in a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode. 

    The uni-travelling-carrier photodiode output is then radiated over a beam-focusing antenna. The signal is received by a millimetre-wave monolithic integrated circuit comprising novel terahertz mixers and amplifiers. We believe that this approach provides a path to scale wireless communications to Tbit s−1 rates over distances of 1 km.

分析

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2013年10月19日 星期六

為什麼蜜蜂消失? ( Marla Spivak: Why bees are disappearing ? ) - 有害農藥、殺蟲劑、基因除野草農藥已經逐漸傷害人類

Bees shortage happen from 2009, the trend did not change
    This is our life with bees, and this is our life without bees. Bees are the most important pollinators of our fruits and vegetables and flowers and crops like alfalfa hay that feed our farm animals. More than one third of the world's crop production is dependent on bee pollination. ( 這是我們的生命與蜜蜂,這是我們的生命沒有蜜蜂。蜜蜂授粉是最重要的,我們的水果和蔬菜,花卉和農作物,如苜蓿乾草餵養農場動物。超過三分之一的世界農作物產量取決於蜜蜂授粉。)

But the ironic thing is that bees are not out there pollinating our food intentionally. They're out there because they need to eat. Bees get all of the protein they need in their diet from pollen and all of the carbohydrates they need from nectar. They're flower-feeders, and as they move from flower to flower, basically on a shopping trip at the local floral mart, they end up providing this valuable pollination service. In parts of the world where there are no bees, or where they plant varieties that are not attractive to bees, people are paid to do the business of pollination by hand. These people are moving pollen from flower to flower with a paintbrush. Now this business of hand pollination is actually not that uncommon. Tomato growers often pollinate their tomato flowers with a hand-held vibrator. Now this one's the tomato tickler. (Laughter) Now this is because the pollen within a tomato flower is held very securely within the male part of the flower, the anther, and the only way to release this pollen is to vibrate it. So bumblebees are one of the few kinds of bees in the world that are able to hold onto the flower and vibrate it, and they do this by shaking their flight muscles at a frequency similar to the musical note C. So they vibrate the flower, they sonicate it, and that releases the pollen in this efficient swoosh, and the pollen gathers all over the fuzzy bee's body, and she takes it home as food. Tomato growers now put bumblebee colonies inside the greenhouse to pollinate the tomatoes because they get much more efficient pollination when it's done naturally and
US bees colony loss history in winter
they get better quality tomatoes. ( 但具有諷刺意味的事情是,蜜蜂不是故意在那裡授粉我們的食物。他們在那裡,因為他們需要吃。蜜蜂得到所有他們需要在他們的飲食花粉和所有他們需要從花蜜的碳水化合物的蛋白質。他們花供料器,當他們從花間,基本上是在當地的花卉超市的購物之旅,他們最終提供這種寶貴的授粉服務。那裡有沒有蜜蜂,在那裡他們不能吸引蜜蜂的植物品種,在世界各地,人們都在做支付業務授粉手。這些人正在用畫筆在花授粉。現在這項業務的人工授粉,其實並不少見。番茄種植者往往番茄花授粉用手持式振動器。現在,這其中的番茄難事。 這是因為番茄花的花粉內內的男性之花,花藥,只有這樣,才能釋放花粉振動非常牢固。因此,大黃蜂是蜜蜂在世界是能夠守住花和振動的幾種之一,而且他們做到這一點,所以他們晃動的頻率類似音符C.它們的飛行肌肉振動花,他們超聲,這種高效旋風,釋放花粉,花粉收集所有模糊蜜蜂的身體,她把它帶回家作為食物。番茄種植者現在把大黃蜂的殖民地,因為他們得到更有效的,當它完成授粉自然授粉西紅柿大棚內,他們得到更優質的西紅柿。)

So there's other, maybe more personal reasons, to care about bees. There's over 20,000 species of bees in the world, and they're absolutely gorgeous. These bees spend the majority of their life cycle hidden in the ground or within a hollow stem and very few of these beautiful species have evolved highly social behavior like honeybees. ( 因此有其他的、更多的個人原因,關心蜜蜂。有超過20000 種的蜜蜂在世界上,他們是絕對華麗。這些蜜蜂花其生命週期的大部分隱藏在地下或在一個中空的莖,很少有這些美麗的物種已經進化高度社會化的行為,如蜜蜂。)

Now honeybees tend to be the charismatic representative for the other 19,900-plus species because there's something about honeybees that draws people into their world. Humans have been drawn to honeybees since early recorded history, mostly to harvest their honey, which is an amazing natural sweetener. ( 現在,蜜蜂往往是魅力的代表,其他19,900+ 物種有關蜜蜂,吸引人們進入他們的世界,因為有什麼東西。月初以來的歷史記錄人類注意蜜蜂,主要是有收穫的蜂蜜,這是一個驚人的天然甜味劑。)

I got drawn into the honeybee world completely by a fluke. I was 18 years old and bored, and I picked up a book in the library on bees and I spent the night reading it. I had never thought about insects living in complex societies. It was like the best of science fiction come true. And even stranger, there were these people, these beekeepers, that loved their bees like they were family, and when I put down the book, I knew I had to see this for myself. So I went to work for a commercial beekeeper, a family that owned 2,000 hives of bees in New Mexico. And I was permanently hooked.

Honeybees can be considered a super-organism, where the colony is the organism and it's comprised of 40,000 to 50,000 individual bee organisms. Now this society has no central authority. Nobody's in charge. So how they come to collective decisions, and how they allocate their tasks and divide their labor, how they communicate where the flowers are, all of their collective social behaviors are mindblowing. My personal favorite, and one that I've studied for many years, is their system of healthcare. So bees have social healthcare. So in my lab, we study how bees keep themselves healthy. For example, we study hygiene, where some bees are able to locate and weed out sick individuals from the nest, from the colony, and it keeps the colony healthy. And more recently, we've been studying resins that bees collect from plants. So bees fly to some plants and they scrape these very, very sticky resins off the leaves, and they take them back to the nest where they cement them into the nest architecture where we call it propolis. We've found that propolis is a natural disinfectant. It's a natural antibiotic. It kills off bacteria and molds and other germs within the colony, and so it bolsters the colony health and their social immunity. Humans have known about the power of propolis since biblical times. We've been harvesting propolis out of bee colonies for human medicine, but we didn't know how good it was for the bees. So honeybees have these remarkable natural defenses that have kept them healthy and thriving for over 50 million years.

So seven years ago, when honeybee colonies were reported to be dying en masse, first in the United States, it was clear that there was something really, really wrong. In our collective conscience, in a really primal way, we know we can't afford to lose bees. So what's going on? Bees are dying from multiple and interacting causes, and I'll go through each of these. The bottom line is, bees dying reflects a flowerless landscape and a dysfunctional food system. ( 所以七年前,當蜂群就要集體死去,首先在美國,它是明確的,有一些真的錯了。在我們的集體良知,在一個非常原始的方式,我們知道,我們不能失去蜜蜂。所以,這是怎麼回事呢?蜜蜂死於由多個相互作用的原因,我會去通過這些。底線是,蜜蜂死去,反映了無花的景觀和一個不正常的糧食系統。)

Now we have the best data on honeybees, so I'll use them as an example. In the United States, bees in fact have been in decline since World War II. We have half the number of managed hives in the United States now compared to 1945. We're down to about two million hives of bees, we think. And the reason is, after World War II, we changed our farming practices. We stopped planting cover crops. We stopped planting clover and alfalfa, which are natural fertilizers that fix nitrogen in the soil, and instead we started using synthetic fertilizers. Clover and alfalfa are highly nutritious food plants for bees. And after World War II, we started using herbicides to kill off the weeds in our farms. Many of these weeds are flowering plants that bees require for their survival. And we started growing larger and larger crop monocultures. Now we talk about food deserts, places in our cities, neighborhoods that have no grocery stores. The very farms that used to sustain bees are now agricultural food deserts, dominated by one or two plant species like corn and soybeans. Since World War II, we have been systematically eliminating many of the flowering plants that bees need for their survival. And these monocultures extend even to crops that are good for bees, like almonds. Fifty years ago, beekeepers would take a few colonies, hives of bees into the almond orchards, for pollination, and also because the pollen in an almond blossom is really high in protein. It's really good for bees. Now, the scale of almond monoculture demands that most of our nation's bees, over 1.5 million hives of bees, be transported across the nation to pollinate this one crop. And they're trucked in in semi-loads, and they must be trucked out, because after bloom, the almond orchards are a vast and flowerless landscape. ( 現在,我們有最好的數據蜜蜂,所以我會用它們作為一個例子。在美國,蜜蜂其實自二戰以來一直在下降。我們有一半的人數相比,現在至1945年在美國的管理蕁麻疹。我們下降到約200萬蜂巢的蜜蜂,我們的想法。原因是,二戰結束後,我們改變了我們的耕作方式。我們停止種植覆蓋作物。我們停止種植三葉草,苜蓿,這是天然的肥料,土壤中的氮固定,相反,我們開始使用合成肥料。三葉草和苜蓿植物對蜜蜂高營養的食物。二戰結束後,我們就開始使用除草劑殺死雜草在我們的農場。許多這些雜草開花植物,蜜蜂需要為自己的生存。我們開始越來越大的作物單一種植。現在我們談論食物沙漠,在我們的城市的地方,沒有雜貨店的街區。蜜蜂用於維持農場現在農業食品沙漠,由一個或兩個植物物種,如玉米和大豆為主。自第二次世界大戰以來,我們一直在系統地消除許多開花植物,蜜蜂需要為自己的生存。這些甚至延伸單一種植農作物,良好的蜜蜂,像杏仁。五十年前,養蜂人將採取幾個殖民地,入杏仁果園蜂箱的蜜蜂,授粉,也因為實在是高蛋白質的杏仁花中的花粉。蜜蜂真的很好。現在,杏仁單一種植規模的要求,我們國家的大部分蜜蜂,超過150萬個蜂巢的蜜蜂,被運往全國各地的授粉作物。他們用卡車運在半負荷,他們必須用卡車運出去,因為杏仁果園開花後,是一個巨大的和無花的景觀。)

Bees have been dying over the last 50 years, and we're planting more crops that need them. There has been a 300 percent increase in crop production that requires bee pollination. ( 蜜蜂已經死在過去50年,我們更多需要它們的農作物種植。已經有需要蜜蜂授粉作物產量增加了300%。)

And then there's pesticides. After World War II, we started using pesticides on a large scale, and this became necessary because of the monocultures that put out a feast for crop pests. Recently, researchers from Penn State University have started looking at the pesticide residue in the loads of pollen that bees carry home as food, and they've found that every batch of pollen that a honeybee collects has at least six detectable pesticides in it, and this includes every class of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and even inert and unlabeled ingredients that are part of the pesticide formulation that can be more toxic than the active ingredient. This small bee is holding up a large mirror. How much is it going to take to contaminate humans? ( 再有就是農藥。二戰結束後,我們開始大規模使用農藥,而這也成為必要的,因為單一種植農作物病蟲害。最近,賓夕法尼亞州立大學的研究人員已經開始尋找在負載花粉,蜜蜂帶回家作為食品的農藥殘留,他們已經發現,蜜蜂採集花粉,每一批有至少六個檢測農藥,包括每一個類殺蟲劑,除莠劑,殺真菌劑,即使是無反應性的和未標記的成分的農藥製劑的一部分,可以是活性成分的毒性比。這小蜜蜂拿著一個大鏡子。要多少來污染人類嗎?)

One of these class of insecticides, the neonicontinoids, is making headlines around the world right now. You've probably heard about it. This is a new class of insecticides. It moves through the plant so that a crop pest, a leaf-eating insect, would take a bite of the plant and get a lethal dose and die. If one of these neonics, we call them, is applied in a high concentration, such as in this ground application, enough of the compound moves through the plant and gets into the pollen and the nectar, where a bee can consume, in this case, a high dose of this neurotoxin that makes the bee twitch and die. In most agricultural settings, on most of our farms, it's only the seed that's coated with the insecticide, and so a smaller concentration moves through the plant and gets into the pollen and nectar, and if a bee consumes this lower dose, either nothing happens or the bee becomes intoxicated and disoriented and she may not find her way home. And on top of everything else, bees have their own set of diseases and parasites. Public enemy number one for bees is this thing. It's called varroa destructor. It's aptly named. It's this big, blood-sucking parasite that compromises the bee's immune system and circulates viruses. ( 這些類殺蟲劑, neonicontinoids ,現在世界各地的頭條新聞。你可能已經聽說過它。這是一類新的殺蟲劑。移動通過植物,使作物害蟲,食葉昆蟲,咬了一口的植物,並得到一個致命的劑量和模具。如果這些neonics之一,我們給他們打電話,適用於高濃度,如在這地面應用,足以通過植物的複合移動並進入花粉和花蜜,蜜蜂可以消耗的地方,在這種情況下,高劑量的這種神經毒素,使蜜蜂抽搐和死亡。大多數農產品設置,我們的大多數農場種子與殺蟲劑的塗,這樣一個較小的濃度移動通過植物和獲取到的花粉和花蜜,和如果一隻蜜蜂消耗這個較低的劑量,無論是什麼發生或蜜蜂變得陶醉和迷失方向,她可能無法找到回家的路。一切之上,蜜蜂疾病和寄生蟲都有自己的一套。頭號公敵蜜蜂是這件事情。這就是所謂的蜂析構函數。它恰當地命名。這是這個大,吸血的寄生蟲,危害蜜蜂的免疫系統和循環病毒。)

Let me put this all together for you. I don't know what it feels like to a bee to have a big, bloodsucking parasite running around on it, and I don't know what it feels like to a bee to have a virus, but I do know what it feels like when I have a virus, the flu, and I know how difficult it is for me to get to the grocery store to get good nutrition. But what if I lived in a food desert? And what if I had to travel a long distance to get to the grocery store, and I finally got my weak body out there and I consumed, in my food, enough of a pesticide, a neurotoxin, that I couldn't find my way home? And this is what we mean by multiple and interacting causes of death. ( 讓我把這一切放在一起給你。我不知道是什麼感覺像蜜蜂有一個大的吸血寄生蟲上跑來跑去,我不知道是什麼感覺像蜜蜂有病毒,但我不知道這是什麼感覺當我有一個病毒,流感,我知道我去雜貨店得到良好的營養是多麼困難。但是,如果我住在食品沙漠?如果我不得不長途跋涉去雜貨店,我終於得到了我虛弱的身體在那裡,我在我的食物,消耗足夠的殺蟲劑,毒素,我無法找到我的路回家嗎?這就是我們的意思是由多個相互作用的死因。)

And it's not just our honeybees. All of our beautiful wild species of bees are at risk, including those tomato-pollinating bumblebees. These bees are providing backup for our honeybees. They're providing the pollination insurance alongside our honeybees. We need all of our bees. ( 它不只是我們的蜜蜂。我們美麗的野生蜂的種類的風險,包括那些番茄授粉熊蜂。這些蜜蜂為蜜蜂提供備份。他們與我們的蜜蜂授粉保險。我們需要我們的蜜蜂。)

So what are we going to do? What are we going to do about this big bee bummer that we've created? It turns out, it's hopeful. It's hopeful. Every one of you out there can help bees in two very direct and easy ways. Plant bee-friendly flowers, and don't contaminate these flowers, this bee food, with pesticides. So go online and search for flowers that are native to your area and plant them. Plant them in a pot on your doorstep. Plant them in your front yard, in your lawns, in your boulevards. Campaign to have them planted in public gardens, community spaces, meadows. Set aside farmland. We need a beautiful diversity of flowers that blooms over the entire growing season, from spring to fall. We need roadsides seeded in flowers for our bees, but also for migrating butterflies and birds and other wildlife. And we need to think carefully about putting back in cover crops to nourish our soil and nourish our bees. And we need to diversify our farms. We need to plant flowering crop borders and hedge rows to disrupt the agricultural food desert and begin to correct the dysfunctional food system that we've created. ( 那麼,我們該怎麼辦?什麼是我們做的,我們已經創造了這個大蜜蜂無賴?事實證明,這是有希望的。這是充滿希望的。在那裡可以幫助你每一個蜜蜂在兩個非常直接和簡便的方法。植物花蜜蜂友好,不會污染這些花,蜜蜂食品,農藥。所以去網上搜索花原產區和植物他們。他們栽在一個鍋裡在您的家門口。他們栽在你的前院,在你的草坪,在您的林蔭大道。運動讓他們栽在公共花園,社區空間,草地。設置撥出農田。我們需要一個美麗的鮮花盛開在整個生長季節,春季到秋季的多樣性。我們需要為我們的蜜蜂在花叢中路旁接種,但也遷移蝴蝶和鳥類和其他野生動物。我們需要仔細想想放回覆蓋作物來滋養我們的土壤和滋養我們的蜜蜂。我們需要分散我們的農場。我們需要破壞農業食品沙漠植物開花裁剪邊界圍籬,並開始糾正不正常的糧食系統,我們已經創建。)

So maybe it seems like a really small countermeasure to a big, huge problem -- just go plant flowers -- but when bees have access to good nutrition, we have access to good nutrition through their pollination services. And when bees have access to good nutrition, they're better able to engage their own natural defenses, their healthcare, that they have relied on for millions of years. So the beauty of helping bees this way, for me, is that every one of us needs to behave a little bit more like a bee society, an insect society, where each of our individual actions can contribute to a grand solution, an emergent property, that's much greater than the mere sum of our individual actions. So let the small act of planting flowers and keeping them free of pesticides be the driver of large-scale change. ( 所以也許它看起來像一個真正的小對策,巨大的一個大問題 - 只是去養花 - 但是當蜜蜂有良好的營養,我們有良好的營養,通過他們的授粉服務。而當蜜蜂有良好的營養,他們能夠更好地從事自己的天然防禦能力,他們的醫療保健,他們所依靠的數百萬年。所以愛美幫助蜜蜂這樣,對我來說,是我們每個人都需要表現多一點點像蜜蜂社會,昆蟲社會,我們每一個人的行動可以促進一個盛大的解決方案,一個新興的物業,這是遠大於區區我們每一個人的行動。因此,讓小種植鮮花和保持它們不含農藥的行為是司機的大尺度變化。)

On behalf of the bees, thank you.

Chris Anderson: Thank you. Just a quick question. The latest numbers on the die-off of bees, is there any sign of things bottoming out? What's your hope/depression level on this?

Maria Spivak: Yeah. At least in the United States, an average of 30 percent of all bee hives are lost every winter. About 20 years ago, we were at a 15-percent loss. So it's getting precarious.

CA: That's not 30 percent a year, that's -- MS: Yes, thirty percent a year.

CA: Thirty percent a year. MS: But then beekeepers are able to divide their colonies and so they can maintain the same number, they can recuperate some of their loss.

We're kind of at a tipping point. We can't really afford to lose that many more. We need to be really appreciative of all the beekeepers out there. Plant flowers. ( 我們是那種在一個轉折點。我們不能真的輸不起。我們要真的很感謝所有的養蜂人那裡。植物的花朵。)

註:
  • 有害農藥、殺蟲劑、基因除野草農藥已經逐漸傷害人類,也傷害蜜蜂及正常的糧食系統,人類曾幾何時有如此多蜂群集體死去、有如此多人得過癌症,我們真的必須改善這些問題。
  • 愛因斯坦曾說過:「如果蜜蜂 ( Bee ) 從地球上消失的話,人類只能再活四年。沒有授粉,就沒有植物、就沒有動物、就沒有人。」。蜜蜂今日的處境對每一個人來說都是一個警告。2009 ~ 2010,美國境內有三分之一或更多的蜜蜂離奇死亡(二○○七年損失大約八十萬個蜂群;二○○八年則是一百萬個蜂群)。從二○○六年年底以來,一些蜂農列舉高達百分之九十的蜜蜂損失。2011 顯然問題持續擴散到其他國家,破壞增加。



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